Four year strategic plan for Erie Capsim Company Essay

The four year strategic plan will focus on key drivers of the industry, factors determining future of the company, industry attractiveness, and its competitive environment. Each section contains detailed subsections which clearly defines the strategic plan. The plan uses 2009 data and our four year plan runs up to 2013. 1.1   Driving Forces In this industry there are many driving forces. Our top management uses the concept of driving forces to reach consensus on what strategic area represents the industries current driving force. 1.1.1 Research and Development: Our company will be introducing a new High End product every year. In addition we will reposition our performance and size segment products into our initial targeted sections. This will enable a stream or products lined up along the High End, traditional, and Low end sections. In addition we will allow present traditional section products to become a Low End section product so as to create room for segment drift. The company will later introduce a new product to the High End and will finally have four products each in the Low, Traditional, and High end sections during those four years. This way the company will present to clients products in line with their perfect procedure for age, reliability, and positioning. Also the company endeavors to sustain its existing product line, ensure presence in each section, and strive to sustain its products in the next four years in spite high levels of automation. 1.1.2 Marketing: Marketing is another main driving force. At first our company will attempt to keep pace with the accessibility and awareness of immediate competitor’s products.   Ideally we will be revisiting our status every year for the next four years to determine whether promotion and sales budgets should be sized or if the company will continue matching that of competitors. Generally our company will offer products at reduced prices. Also for these four years our company is planning to spend aggressively in sales and promotion in targeted sections; Low, Traditional, and High sections. In this light every client will have known our superb designs for the next four years. Basically, we are planning simplify logistics involved in identifying products by customers. After defining the company’s cost leadership position, we will reconsider the company’s situation to explore alternatives to enhance accessibility and awareness. 1.1.3    Production: Significantly our company will significantly increase automation levels on all products in the next four years. Since automation limits the company’s ability to reposition its products in line with R&D, we will edge our automation process in the Low and Traditional sections in the next two years and then High end section during the last two years. Our company will ensure capacity building to meet the generated demand. In the first half we will reposition our brands. However, in the last half we will evaluate ways of increasing in automation levels to enhance margins as well as repositioning products and sustaining sections as they traverse the perceptual map. 1.1.4 Finance The nature of our industry allows it to draw funds from a wide source. During the first half the company will finance its investments mainly through bond issues supplementing with stock offers following an as needed basis. For last half, the company will develop a divided policy and start to retire stock. The company is not adverse to leverage and expectation is that we will sustain debt/equity ratio at 2.0-3.0. 1.2   Future key success factors Factors for success in our company include; 1.2.1 Concentration: Our company will concentrate on Low, Traditional, and High end sections. This will keep production costs, raw material costs, and R&D costs to a minimum. Also company product lifecycle concentration will enable us to reap sales for the next four years on each of the four new products to be introduced into High end section. 1.2.2 Brand recognition and awareness The company will maintain presence in every section. We will endeavor to ensure a competitive edge by differentiating our products. This will be done through excellent design, easy accessibility, and high awareness during first half. In the other half, the company will initiate a competent R&D that ensures fresh and exciting designs. Products will be in line with the market needs, presenting enhanced performance and size. 1.3   Attractiveness of industry and competitive environment 1.3.1       Factors making the industry attractive Several factors make our company to be attractive.   These are factors that will determine how far our company can remain still. These include;  ·    Reliable products: will ensure products which are reliable to mainstream clients and brands that offer value.  · Premium products: our company offers good products and brands that will stand the test of time.  ·    Low price: the company offers products at reduced prices. Its brands offer solid value.  ·    Easy technology: our products are reliable even to low technology customers 1.3.2 factors making the industry unattractive  · Funding: the market is unpredictable and there getting enough financial support is a problem  · Extensive research: product sustainability requires an extensive research. This adds to cost by way of experts and professionals. 1.3.3 special industry issues/problems  · Product presence: our company plans to maintain a competitive advantage by ensuring presence in every section.  · Unrelenting focus: concentration ensures brand recognition which leads to unique opportunity over competitors.  · Substitutes: the company is likely to suffer incase substitutes flood market, particularly during last half.  · New entrants: during the first two years the company will enjoy monopoly but in last two years entrants are likely to enter the market. 1.3.4 Profit outlook The company currently is enjoying a profit margin of 20%. This strategic plan aims to grow the profit by additional 10% for first two years and another 15% in the last two years.

P&G Japan Essay

Slow, conformist and risk averse – stretch, innovation and speed Leadership Innovation Team implemented a global rollout of Dryel and Swiffer Impact – 18 months after entering the first test market they were on sales in US, Europe, Latin America and Asia Processes Performance-based component of compensation increased from traditional range of 20% to 80%. Extended the reach of stock options to virtually all employees Integrated business planning process where all budget elements of the operating plan could be reviewed and approved together Structure Primary profit responsibility shifted from P&Gs four regional organisation to seven GBUs that would now manage product development, manufacturing and marketing of their respective categories worldwide Charged with standardising manufacturing processes, simplifying brand portfolios and coordinating marketing activities Eliminate bureaucracy and increase accountability Committee responsibilities were transferred to individuals Activities such as accounting, human resources, payroll and much of IT were coordinated through a global business service unit Progression form Ethnocentric/Polycentric- Regiocentric – Geocentric SK-II – within P&G this high-end product had little visibility outside Japan Because Japanese women had by far the highest use of beauty care products in the world, it was natural that the global beauty care category management started to regard Max Factor Japan as a potential source of innovation Working with R&D labs in Cincinatti and the UK, several Japanese technologists participated on a global team that developed a new product involving a durable color base and renewable moisturising second coat – Lipfinity Japanese innovations were than transferred worldwide, as Lipfinity rolled out in Europe and the US within six months of the Japanese launch Implementation of O2005 in July 1999 – half the top 30 managers and a third of the top 3000 were new to their jobs – capabilities do not reside in management Global product development process Technology team assembled at an R&D facility in Cincinnati, drawing the most qualified technologists from its P&G labs worldwide US-based marketing team and Japanese team had the same task – Japanese team came up with SK-II In the end, each market ended up with a distinct product built on a common technology platform. Marketing expertise was also shared, allowing the organisation to exploit local learning Decisions Japanese Opportunity Tapping into P&Gs extensive technological resources – extend the SK-II line beyond its traditional product offerings Although would take a considerable amount of time and effort, it would exploit internal capabilities and external brand image Product innovation and superior in-store service – competitive advantage in Japan China Operating since 1988 only Entrepreneurial beauty care manager in China Some were worried that SK-II would be a distraction to P&Gs strategy of becoming a mainstream Chinese company and to its competitive goal of entering 600 Chinese cities ahead of competitors Targeting an elite consumer group with a niche product was not in keeping with the objective of reaching the 1. 2 billion population with laundry, hair care, oral care, diapers and other basics Europe De Cesare – new the European market well Without any real brand awareness or heritage, would SK-II’s mystique transfer to a Western market Organisational constraint De Cesare recognised that his decision needed to comply with the organisational reality in which it would be implemented Jager – openly questioned how well some of the products in the beauty care business fit in the P&G portfolio – the fashion-linked and promotion-driven sales models neither played well to P&G’s â€Å"stack it high, sell it cheap† marketing skills nor exploited its superior technologies From a local to a global focus

Marshal and Gordon Case Essay

Outsourcing is the contracting out of an organization’s business activities (functions and processes) to an outside service provider where the provider is responsible to carry out the activity that was currently, or could be, undertaken by the organization. Earlier outsourcing was usually carried out for organization’s non-core activities to save money but now outsourcing is omnipresent. Firms are outsourcing a wide range of activities ranging from research and development to marketing, from production to assembly, distribution to after sales service. Today, even activities like security and public relations are outsourced. Predominantly, there are two kind of outsourcing: With manpower – where the service provider’s employees work inside the premises of the organization. For example, company X has outsourced its security department to company ABC, then ABC’s employees operate at the location of company X. Without manpower – the service provider’s employees do not work inside the organization premises. For example, if company X is an electronics company and has outsourced the after sales services of its products then the service The world longest strike, which lasted nearly a decade has come to end by hospitality workers at the Congress Plaza Hotel in Chicago on the night of 29th may 2013. The strike was started on June 15, 2003 and the striking workers had long called for wage and benefit increases and job security. IRound The World provider’s employees work need not work at the parent organization’s location but will extend services at the customer’s location. Why Outsourcing ï‚ · Save Costs: To save the costs associated with defined benefits for permanent employees in labor-union contracts and as guaranteed by various labour laws in the country like ï‚ · Increased Effectiveness: Companies by outsourcing non-core activities can focus their resources on the management of the core activities leading to enhanced organization effectiveness ï‚ · Access to world class experts: Outsourcing to specialized companies gives organization access to experts and the latest technologies for limited time frame for specific project related work leading to improved quality ï‚ · Increased flexibility: Outsourcing business functions to external service providers, the organization doesn’t need to maintain fixed assets and invest on infrastructure. This gives the organization flexibility to meet changing business needs and respond to the dynamic environment. Laws related to outsourcing Outsourcing, as already discussed, is of two types: Outsourcing with manpower, and outsourcing without manpower. Outsourcing without manpower When outsourcing is done without manpower, it is essentially a contract between two parties and only the Indian Contract Act, 1872 (hereinafter referred to as the ICA) becomes applicable. Both the parties are bound by the ICA and the terms of the contract agreed upon by them. Outsourcing with manpower Outsourcing with manpower is also essentially a contract between two parties and hence ICA becomes applicable. However, because the activities are carried out on the premises of the outsourcing party, the Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 (hereinafter referred to as CLRA) also becomes applicable, provided twenty or more workmen are employed as contract labour in the establishment. Thus in a nutshell, we can say that ICA becomes applicable in all cases of outsourcing, whereas, CLRA becomes applicable only in case of outsourcing with manpower, provided that the establishment (outsourcing party) employs or had employed in the preceding twelve months, twenty or more workmen as contract labour. Relation between players   In case of outsourcing without manpower, the only relation providing the service is the second party. The outsourcing organisation has no relation with the employees of the second party. However, in cases of outsourcing with manpower where CLRA becomes applicable, there are three players, vis-à  -vis, Principle Employer, Contractor and Contract Labour. The outsourcing organisation is the Principal Employer, the organization providing the service is the Contractor, while the employees of the Contractor working on the premises of the Principal Employer are the Contract Labours. The Contractor is responsible for the health, welfare and payment of wages of the Contract Labour. It is only when the contractor fails to meet those responsibilities does the Principal Employer become liable. However, the Principal Employer, as per section 20 and 21 of CLRA, can recover the costs incurred for meeting such liability from the Contractor. Employer-Employee Relationship Looking at the present scenario, with outsourcing activities increasing exponentially, it can be said that the employer employee relationship is becoming more of a myth. The contract labour, who carry out the activities in the premises of the Principal Employer, are not the ‘employees’ of the Principal Employer. The Principal Employer does not hire, fire, or control the contract labour. Neither is it directly responsible for their health, welfare and wages. Thus, we can say that there is no direct relationship between Principal Employer and Contract Labour. References: 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outsourcing 2. Padhi, P.K., Labour and Industrial Laws, Eastern Econo- Pratham, an NGO based out of Mumbai, working for child development announced that it had reported to the police 1,817 cases of children sweating it out in intensive activity in the Mumbai in June, that it spotted during a two-month study. Clearly shows that even the fundamental rights are just on paper.

Designer babies; scientific and ethical considerations Essay

Designer babies; scientific and ethical considerations - Essay Example There is no "random collection of facts", but the examples are relevant and logically linked together. The scientific considerations are concise introduce briefly the reader to the methods used. The figures, although not strictly necessary, are there to support the text in a visually pleasing manner. Starting a sentence with a verb may not be common, but it isnt wrong either. However, the incriminated sentence could be re-worded as: "IVF is an assisted reproductive technology (ART) that involves..." The ethical considerations didnt miss any major points, but had to be shortened in order to fit the essay format. This paper isnt an exhaustive review on the topic, or it would have been far much longer. The conclusion does make a clear summary of the various aspects of PGD then broadens the scope once again to make the reader think about the topic once the paper has been read. This is basically an article about the philosophy of science, and should encourage the readers to think for themselves after exposing the problem in a clear manner. In general, the language used is professional, without any slang, and the punctuation is indeed correct. The grammatical mistake highlighted by the reviewer is actually a misquote of the paper and should read: "Both techniques combined gave rise to..." All subsequent appreciation of the grammar should therefore be viewed with a critical eye, as there doesn’t seem to be any

Determining the truth value of a statement Essay

Determining the truth value of a statement - Essay Example In this light, meaning is not limited to the reference of a term; rather, it involves the aspects of both sense and reference. Furthermore, Frege claims that in the context of a sentence, the sense is its â€Å"thought† while the reference is its â€Å"truth-value.† Herein, Frege clarifies how the sense of a given term should relate to its reference. Frege claims that a term that has a reference necessarily has a sense, but a term that has a sense need not have a reference. Hence, phrases such as the â€Å"King of France† are still meaningful, for they do have a sense. However, Frege contends that in the context of a sentence, such as â€Å"The present King of France is Bald,† it does not have a truth-value, i.e. it is neither true nor false. But doesn’t this manner of explicating non-referring terms lead to a rejection of the law of excluded middle? Russell’s Theory of Definite Descriptions Unlike Frege, Russell basically maintains a referen tial theory of meaning, for he believes that the difficulties attributed to this theory are results of the failure to distinguish between the grammatical structure and the logical structure of language. According to Russell’s theory, a linguistic expression, because of its grammatical form, may be taken as a referring expression. And because it is so taken, we may think that for it to be meaningful, it is necessary that it should have a reference, such that if that reference cannot be found in this world, it must be of another world. The point of Russell is that this referring expression, once analyzed logically, may not turn out to be a referring expression at all; and being such, the necessity of attributing a reference to it, to account for its meaning, simply vanishes. Definite descriptions are linguistic expressions that are taken as referring expressions in their grammatical form, but in their logical form, they are predicate expressions. They are of the form â€Å"the so and so;† they begin with the definite article â€Å"the† which makes them identify one and only one entity in the world. Moreover, Russell analyzes certain logical puzzles to show that ordinary grammar is a poor guide when it comes to determining what exists in the world. In this essay I shall discuss one of the puzzles raised by Russell. The Puzzle: The Present King of France is Bald? The puzzle concerns the following statement: â€Å"The present King of France is bald.† If we ask whether this sentence is true or false, since there is at present no King of France, the most natural thing to say is that it is false. But supposing we negate it; thus: â€Å"The present King of France is not bald.† Still this is false by virtue of the fact that there is at present no such â€Å"King of France.† But how can a statement and its negation both be false at the same time? Consider another statement, â€Å"The cat is on the mat.† If this is false, t hen surely its negation, â€Å"The cat is not on the mat,† is true. But it seems that this does not work in the former statement. If we translate the original statement â€Å"The present King of France is bald† into its logical form; thus: â€Å"There is at least one x, such that x is the present King of France, and X is bald,† we can clearly see that we can negate the statement in the following manner: â€Å"There is at lea

Critical Thinking in Marketing Literature review

Critical Thinking in Marketing - Literature review Example A firm on the other hand is defined as a commercial organization, which provides services and products to consumers with expectations of getting profits in return. Market orientation is widely utilized in contemporary marketing. It entails analyzing competitors’ strategies and their impact on the public. Firms should redirect all resources toward achieving a common goal to ensure success of the market orientations. Marketing orientation mainly focuses on supplying products, which are made according to the needs, requirements, and desire of the customers in question. According to Jaworski &Kohli (1993), marketing orientation is firm’s generation of intelligence based on market strategies and focus on the need of the customers. The customers’ demands are either future or current. The intelligence should be disseminated to all other departments in the firm and the company of firm should be able to respond to it. During the industrial revolution to around sixty years ago, companies’ focus was based on utilizing the economies of scale and decreasing the cost of production. Products of high quality were less available during such periods and the firms’ main point of focus was to produce products in large quantities. Marketing elements such as design were ignored. The changes were due to the rise of capitalism created by the increasing number of middle class. After the Second World War, the markets became saturated with all types of products. The selling of the products declined. However, the companies adopted a model that focused on the making products and then supplying them to consumers, the model was called sales orientation (Harris, 2008). Despite the changes in strategies, customers were not involved in the process of developing products. Early 1970s Theodore Levitt a Harvard professor with other academicians criticized the sales orientation model and argued that

Opposing sides of Animal rights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Opposing sides of Animal rights - Research Paper Example As might be readily noted, such a sharp stance with regards to the issue of animal rights necessarily encourages many individuals to be categorically against further animal rights. This is of course due to the inherent belief that many individuals have that animals cannot be considered as sentient beings; therefore, extending any form of rights or the expectation thereof, is tantamount to extending rights to an unconscious object. Ultimately, the debate is somewhat circular due to the fact that neither animal rights activists nor their counterparts who advocate a reduction in animal rights rules and practice can definitively prove that consciousness exists within animals and therefore is worthy of a level of respect. With respect to this brief analysis, the author will propose an opposing viewpoint with regards to the inherent belief that animals should engender further rights and protections under law. Whereas it should not be noted that this analysis will take a contrary in view of the fact that animals are important, should be respected, and preserved for future generations, it will be the express intent of this author to engage the reader with an understanding for the fact that many of the fundamental arguments that animal rights activists put forward as evidence for why further animal rights should be manifested within the current world are fundamentally flawed. Firstly, it must be understood that humans are most certainly the most evolved creatures that exist on earth. By means of the process of evolution, humans have a degree of power and control with regards to their environment. For many years, individuals of a religious persuasion believed that God had given mankind â€Å"dominion† over the earth. However, whether or not one believes in evolution or whether or not one believes in intelligent design is not the issue; rather, the issue is the fact that the overall intellects and functional capacity of humans necessarily places them in a situation that they are able to make a discerning judgments and determine value based upon the needs and rights of the environment around them. Said one author, â€Å"There are a lot of people in the animal rights movement who can be very passionate and aggressive, and I applaud people's passion, but when people are judgmental and aggressive, all they end up doing is getting other people to turn away in irritation† (Monastersky 12). For instance, many individuals point to the fact that further rights should be extended to animals. However, an understanding of rights and how these rights originate ultimately is derived from philosophical the value and the means through which a level of inequality is represented. For this very reason, it was not until the 20th century that individuals within society began to take note of the fact that a moral and ethical interpretation of the world necessitated that rights and privileges be

Comprehension strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comprehension strategies - Essay Example Helping students to comprehend narrative, expository and poetic texts is a challenge that faces all teachers. Regardless of subject or grade level, all teachers are teachers of reading. Many comprehension strategies have been developed over the past three decades.While all can be applied to any of these three types of texts, some seem to naturally go with one more than another.Choosing â€Å"the best† for each one is not really possible, because teacher personality, state standards and concerns such as class size and student grouping all have bearing on which comprehension strategy should be used. The three strategies in this essay have all been used to good effect by myself or one of my former teachers. A good comprehension strategy for helping students to maximize their understanding of a c narrative text is an activity called â€Å"What is it?† This is an activity where students work individually and in cooperative groups to recall the most important elements of sett ing, character and plot. Students retell portions of the narrative text to one another while listening student record important points relating to setting, character and plot. This activity utilizes graphic organizers and is facilitated by the instructor. Retelling portions of the text allows the student speaking the opportunity to give voice to their impressions and remembrances of the narrative. Students listening use the graphic organizer to write points mentioned by the speaker. Each student in the group takes a turn adding to the growing list of setting, character and plot elements

Nature and Technology of War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nature and Technology of War - Research Paper Example There was frequent raiding of neighbors and confiscation of territories, goods and women from other groups by fighting. War during these times was highly ritualized and was based on a number of taboos and practices which limited the number of casualties as well as length of conflict. A condition referred to as endemic warfare. During the earliest times of Homo erectus society (hunter-gathers) the population was scarce and low to avoid war. However, with the invention and development of throwing spear and hunting techniques, probable violence between groups was made costly, ordering conflict prevention and groups moving apart and far to lessen competition for resources which could cause war. This describes the era of Paleolithic â€Å"warlessness† which took place until the emergence of the Homo sapiens. Starting around 12, 000 CE, war was transformed by the discovery of bows, slings and maces, according to Duiker and Spielvogel (2010). The bow appeared to be the most vital wea pon in the development of prehistoric war as exposed the attacker to less risk. The Neolithic period which is associated with the emergence of farming has been evidently associated with war, for instance, the massacre of a rival tribe. In this era before blockade weapons were developed to a high level of complex technology, fortification appeared to have been a successful method of protecting the community against invaders. Fortifications indicate that there was significant social organization in the societies of prehistoric people. Warfare at this period was also said to be more organized. The Nature and technology evolvement of war is more pronounced in the analysis of military historians. In the prehistoric era, there were a lot of conquest and movements with various technological innovations. The kingdoms and empires were the central units controlling war and were only maintained via military forces. War was common during this period due to lack of enough agricultural ability. W eapons and armor were largely produced as they were known to last longer than artifacts. Use of weapons was seen as an indication of prosperity or virtue and thus weapons were mostly placed on monuments and tombs of great warriors. With the invasion of writing it was used to record events such as major battles and conquest. Writing was also used for kings to boast of military conquest or victories through records. With the growth of the nation states, empires grew hence the increased demand for order and efficiency as well as increased recording. Some of the notable militaries in pre history include Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks, Indians, early imperial Chinese ancient Romans, Carthagians and Persians among others, as stated by Hamblin (2006). The fertile crescent of Mesopotamia was the heart of many prehistoric conquests. The philosophers of the Warning States era in china, Mozi and his followers invented diverse blockade weapons and blockade crafts. These were used to level forti fied walls during a blockade of an opponent city. In most cases, the nature of war involved a kingdom fighting with another in order to overtake their land. As a result there were a lot of invasions. It also involved civil wars due to the increased power struggles within the empires generals. During the Dark Ages, when stirrups came into existence, war had forever changed. Invasions were combined with technological, social and cultural

Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Technology in Intelligent Buildings & Research Paper

Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Technology in Intelligent Buildings & Engineering - Research Paper Example In Intelligent Buildings & Engineering, Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Technology is primarily being used to provide an effective means of monitoring and analysis of various real-time data that can help enhance the operational efficiency and reduce costs and energy expenses of smart buildings thereby making them to be more comfortable, safe, and healthy as well as enhance the productivity of the occupants. Unlike multispectral imaging which normally deals with numerous images at discrete, narrow bands, Hyperspectral remote sensing is primarily based on narrow spectral bands produced over a continuous spectral range. This is critically important as it makes the images more detailed. One of the areas of intelligent building and engineering where hyoerspectral remote sensing imaging can be used is to make buildings safer and more comfortable by providing reliable geological and rock information, seismic and environmental data regarding the construction sites prior to the commencement of t he construction of the buildings. Generally, this is critically important in helping choose the appropriate building and engineering project designs as well as materials that best fit a particular geographical area.

The Chicana feminists movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Chicana feminists movement - Essay Example They were discriminated by the men of their lives including their father, brothers, and husbands. They were stereotyped to perform only the roles of child-bearers and homemakers without any opportunities for educational and professional pursuits. So, Chicana feminism began in 1970s because of the Chicano womens struggle for equality with Chicano men and the need for their prominence in the family setup. Chicana feminist movement was formally initiated in 1971, when about 600 Chicana women met in Houston, Texas for the Mujeres Por La Raza Conference, labeled as first National Chicana Conference. The Comisià ³n Femenil Mexicana Nacional was formed in 1973 and it also played an important catalytic role for Chicana feminism. A number of Chicana feminist groups were formed after the 1971 conference by Chicana women in different parts of the United States. These groups worked for the equality of Chicana women in family, professional, and social life. It also fought for their equal access to education, establishment of childcare centers, reproductive rights, and others However, when viewed from another perspective, the chicana feminist movement was criticized or blamed for tearing certain key values of the Chicana culture, because Chicana feminists were viewed as anti-culture and anti-family. So, the question that arises is: Does the Chicano feminist movement focused more on gender inequalities or cultural

Group Motivation Inventory Essay Example for Free

Group Motivation Inventory Essay Majority of us humans get up from bed in the morning, set out for school or our job and practically do our daily routines in a way that is unique to us. We interact to our environment and the people around us without fully understanding why we are doing our routine – why we go to school or do great in our job or are amused from a particular activity. Nonetheless we all know that there is something that motivates us for doing this. Motivation refers to the things either internal or external to a person from which makes him enthusiastic and persistent on pursuing a particular course of action (Daft, 526). Studying motivation makes us understand what makes us people initiate a certain action, and what influences our selection of actions. After I took the motivation rating exam, I have a moderate level of group motivation. This means that I am not fully committed to my group but also not completely disregarding how my group will perform. After taking the exam, I realized that there are factors that affect a person’s motivation on a group. Some of these factors are: 1) composition of the group; 2) commitment and dedication of other members; 3) chemistry within the group; 4) appreciation of the group; and 5) each member’s contribution for the group’s success. Upon taking the exam, I became aware that the factor that mostly affects my motivation in a group is a member’s commitment and dedication to the group. This is maybe because I have the habit of giving my best on anything that I am doing. Having this attitude makes me compare what my contributions to the other members of my group. If I think that they are not as dedicated as me, my motivation becomes lower. Appreciation of the group is the next factor that affects my motivation. In my opinion, only a martyr would work on a group that does not value what he is doing. When it comes to the composition of my group, the only problem is that some of the members of the group are so shy to even tell their names. I have encountered this kind of members. They usually want to work on their own. The only thing a leader should do is give him/her what she will do and that is all. The composition of the group is essential to another factor, chemistry. The interaction within a group is also important when considering one’s motivation. Working with group whose chemistry is good usually leads to achieving the group’s goal. Contribution of other members to the group also affects my motivation. If all of the members participate well and contribute what they should give makes me want to also do my part well. On the other hand, if some members do not actually help with the achievement of our group’s goals, the other members, including myself, would have to exert more effort. Thus, we have to be more motivated. The motivation exam made me realize that I am moderately motivated when I am involved in a group. Unlike before, I think I can also measure the dedication of the other group members. With this, I am able to compare my level of motivation with the other members of the group. Only a little bit has really changed. I still do my part wholeheartedly. I try to attend all of the scheduled group meetings and do my best to help the group finish its goals. The only thing that changed is on how I interact with them. Usually before taking the exam, I only ask something to the group if I am having trouble understanding what I should do. I do not want a conversation other than the problems that the group is dealing with. Now, I talk to my other co-members about anything under the sun to further improve our chemistry. With each member’s trust and friendliness, I became a lot motivated. After taking this exam and analyzing my results, there are some things that I would change in order to further improve my participation and motivation in other future groups. First, I will improve my interaction to my future co-members. The chemistry becomes the â€Å"spark† of a good group relationship. If group members interact to each other with respect and friendliness, everyone will help on each. Thus, group goals will be done in a smooth way. In the future, I will also motivate my co-members. I will talk to them if I think they are not participating well in the group and encourage them that we are a team and we have to work together to be successful. There are some theories or approaches to further improve motivation within an organization. One particular theory is the Expectancy Theory associated to the works of Victor Vroom with a number of contributions from other scholars. The Expectancy theory implies that the degree of motivation of a certain individual is associated on his expectations on their capability to perform a particular task and the desired awards he will receive. Expectancy theory focuses on the thinking process present to an individual to gain rewards, not on recognizing what his needs are (Daft, 536). With this theory, I think that sharing my expectations to my co-members will further improve each of our motivations, thus improving the performance of the group. The factor that mostly affects my motivations, based on the results, is the commitment of the other group members. If other members do not do their part, my motivation decreases. I am not comfortable working with a group who is not as committed as me. In order to avoid this, confrontation is needed. Other member should be confronted regarding their attitude and their respective responsibilities to the group. In a sense, before the group does anything, rules should be made clear. Content Theories can also be used to improve motivation within an organization. One of these Content theories is the famous Hierarchy of Needs theory by Abraham Maslow. The theory suggests that there are five classes of needs that motivate a person existing in a hierarchical form. Maslow argues that needs with low-ranks should be the priority. These needs (from lowest to highest rank) are as follows: 1) Physiological needs – the most basic physical needs of humans; 2) Safety needs – the need for a protected and harmless physical and emotional setting; 3) Belongingness needs – the desire to be in a particular group with their trust; 4) Esteem needs – the need for appreciation and recognition within a group or organization; 5) Self-actualization needs – the need of self-fulfillment (Daft, 529-530). The suitable incentive for the group would be from the categories of belongingness and esteem needs. To improve motivation within the group, one should acknowledge each member for what he had done for the group. Appreciation should also be given to them even though their work is not that excellent. At least they have given their best. For every work that a member accomplishes, the other members should at least try to thank him/her. A simple line of â€Å"good job† will make a person exert more efforts and be more motivated. Reference: Daft, Richard. 2005. Management 5th Ed. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company.

Planning System in Germany

Planning System in Germany A Brief Overview of the Planning System in Germany The federalist principle of the German state is divided between the Federation and the federal states. The federal states have their own state authoritys laws. This fact characterizes Germany as a decentralized state. The federalist structure contains three central levels which are the Federation, the federal states and the municipalities. They each have their own regulations but they are closely linked. At the federal level is the Ministry for Transport, Building and Housing, responsible for spatial planning. At present the predominant departmental assignment model is an independent ministry for planning and environment. Raumordnung is a term provides a classic model of the combined planning of land uses, preservation of heritage. The planning law in the Federal Republic of Germany consists of the Law of Raumordnung and of the Public Building Law. The outstanding feature of the decentralised German planning system is the fact that the Federation itself has no comprehensive and legal binding spatial planning instrument. So Germany has no national plan at its disposal, but in its place the established by the Federation principles of the Raumordnung which are the fundamental guidelines for the whole spatial planning and spatial policy in Germany. Legal planning instruments are reserved for the federal states. Only the federal states are obliged to draw up comprehensive plans and to determine objectives of the Raumordnung which are binding for all subordinate planning authorities (municipalities and sectoral planning authorities). On the level of the Raumordnung und Landesplanung there is no public participation up to now. The procedure for giving the Raumordnungsplaene a binding character is legally the most important act, and it serves to make the objectives of the Raumordnung binding for public planning authorities. This is achieved by means of †¢ passing of laws†¢ decisions taken by the governments of the federal states†¢ official approval/declaration of binding effects/approval by the planning authorities of the federal states. The comprehensive plans of the federal states (Raumordnungsplaene) and their regions (Regionalplaene) are legally binding for all authorities of the Federation, the federal states and the municipalities. This refers to the real contents of these plans, the objectives of the Raumordnung, which have to be observed by public planning authorities in all spatially significant planning procedures and measures. As a general rule of the German planning law, the undeveloped outlying areas should not be built on with the exception of â€Å"privileged developments (e.g. developments serving agricultural activities, specific public infrastructure projects). Those projects must be permitted in rural areas (without a legally binding land-use plan) in compliance with the FBC if public interests do not oppose and ample public infrastructure provision can be guaranteed. Other development projects may be permitted in compliance with the FBC as exceptional cases, provided that their execution and use do not conflict with any public interests and public infrastructure provision can be guaranteed.

Effects of School Feeding Programme on Education

Effects of School Feeding Programme on Education The government of Ghana has recognized basic education as a fundamental building block of the economy. This step is in line with goal two of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which seeks to achieving a universal primary education by the year 2015 (Ghana MDG Report, 2009). Also, in congruence with GPRS II (GPRS, 2006), Article 38 of the 1992 constitution enjoins government to provide access to Free Compulsory Universal Basic Education (fCUBE) to all children of school going age (Constitution of Ghana, 1992). In pursuance of this requirement, a number of plans and programmes have been launched with the government embarking upon several educational reforms and instituting new policy measures toward making education more accessible to all. These include the fCUBE programme, education strategic plan, the capitation grant; which makes basic school free from any form of school fees and the NEPAD School Feeding Programme (SFP) (ESP, 2003). It is important to note that access to education is not an end in itself, but a means to an end. The end results of the education process is that it should translate into quality human capital/resource for the state as the GPRSII envisions, hence, the zeal of governments to invest in the education of their people. The capitation grant generally should result in higher enrolment and retention in schools. The school feeding program complements this by providing for the pupils nutritional needs and enhancing their learning capabilities. All these should translate into higher performance by pupils and for that matter, the production of quality human resource required for state development. It should be noted that, before the introduction of the governments school feeding programme, the Catholic Relief Service (CRS,) had already instituted the policy of feeding school children in the district. This aside, the institution of the Northern Scholarship Scheme had also been in place in the district since the late 1950s, taking care of the feeding cost of students in Senior High Schools in the district. These had made significant impact on education of the area. In fact, many professors and educated elites in the district owe their current status to these schemes (Nadowli District, 2008) THE PROBLEM STATEMENT The introduction of the government school feeding programme was to supplement other interventions such as free school uniform and capitation grants. It has since played a crucial role alongside the other interventions in improving both Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) and Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) in schools in Ghana. The Upper West Region in general, recorded GER increase of 74.1% from 1991/199 2002/2003, 77.3% from 2002/2003 2004/2005 and 81.1% 2004/2005 2005/2006 (RSER-UWR, 2006). Despite the increases in the enrolment figures, deprived areas in Ghana continue to encounter serious difficulties in attracting trained teachers; classroom accommodation continues to be a problem with access to teaching and learning materials remaining a headache to stakeholders. These negatively affect the quality of education in these areas including the Nadowli District. The rise in enrolment figures with no corresponding increase in the number of teachers usually lead to disproportionate Pupils-Teacher Ratio (PTR). Overcrowding in classrooms also becomes phenomenal of such situations with increased enrolment with little attention to the construction classrooms in response to the increasing numbers which does not only sometimes lead to the outbreak of diseases but also affects quality of teaching adversely. The study therefore seeks to investigate how the increasing enrolment figures affect the quality of primary education in the Nadowli District. RESEARCH QUESTIONS Main Question How has the school feeding programme affected primary school education in the Nadowli District? Sub-questions How has the SFP influenced primary school enrolment in the district? How has the SFP influenced pupil retention in schools in the district? What are the implications of the SFP on PTR? How has SFP affected classrooms activity and TLM? Are there lessons for policy formulations? Main objective To examine the effects of the school feeding programme on primary school education in Nadowli District Sub-objectives To determine how the SFP has influenced primary school enrolment in the district To assess the influence of SFP on pupils retention in school To examine the implications of the SFP on PTR To examine the effects of SFP on classrooms activity and TLMs To draw lessons from the study for policy formulation RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Data collection tools Both probability and non probability data collection tools will be employed in the collection of primary data in the study. Specifically, I will use surveys, semi-structured interviews and observations. The surveys will be used to solicit general information from the respondents on their views on the topic such as on the effects of the SFP on the rate of enrolment. The surveys will also yield quantitative data. The interviews will be used to generate qualitative, specific and in-depth facts about the study. The observation will be used gain first hand information on the study. Sources of data The study will collect data from teachers, parents, pupils, caterers of the programme, and staff from the district directorate of education and suppliers of food these schools. Secondary sources of data such as newspapers, article and internet sources will be made use of. Records of enrolment before and during the SFP will also be used for comparisons. Sampling techniques and sampling units I will use purposive sampling to collect data from officials of the district education directorate (the district director, the officer in charge of statistics, the planning officer, director of human resource and a circuit supervisor), caterers, head teachers, school prefects, PTA chairpersons, and suppliers of food to the schools. Sampling size A sample size of 38 will be surveyed. This will be made of: 8 head teachers, 8 school prefects, 8 PTA chairpersons, 8 caterers, 5 officials of the district education directorate and 1 supplier of food to the schools in the district. Data analysis and presentation Qualitative data collected will be summarized into themes, analyzed and interpreted by the use of descriptive techniques. Quantitative data analysis will be done using computer programmes like the SPSS. Tables, charts and graphs would be used to illustrate and present findings for easier understanding and interpretation. RELEVANCE OF THE STUDY Through findings of the study, stakeholders will be well informed of the relevance or otherwise of the SFP on primary education in the district. Positive outcome will get them committed to success and sustainace of the programme. Also, negative effects of the programme if found will also be addressed. Aside serving as base data for further research work on the topic, findings of the study will help in policy formulation on the programme. ORGANIZATION OF THE RESEARCH REPORT The study report will be organized into six chapters as follows for clear presentation. The general introduction of the study as well as the problem statement and the research questions will go into chapter one. This chapter will also contain the research objectives, justification of the study and a brief profile of the study area. Chapter two is the review of literature on the topic. It will try conceptualizing and defining issues that relate to the study and put them in perspective. It will try to explore and fill gaps in existing literature available on the study. Chapter three will examine the methodology employed in the study for the collection of data. How data collected is analyzed and presented will also be made clear in this chapter. Findings of the study and the discussions on it will be presented in chapter four of the report. This will also take care of secondary data analysis on the study. Illustrations with tables, figures charts and diagrams will be made for easier understanding and interpretation of findings. Summaries of findings, conclusion and recommendations will be presented in the fifth and last chapter of the report. LITERATURE REVIEW The literature review aims at exploring for areas of agreements and disagreements on the topic. From this, exiting gaps will be identified and efforts made to fill them. The review will cover areas like: impact of education related interventions in Ghana, the history of school feeding in Ghana, Ghana education policy framework, recent education related interventions in Ghana and the SFP (arguments and against). See a sample review below. Impact of education related interventions in Ghana Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have been exploring ways of improving their education systems in order to achieve their commitment to education for all. Ensuring that children have access to free, compulsory and good quality primary education is receiving considerable attention from governments and aid agencies alike as is given a consideration in the (GPRS II, 2006). Two main systems through which certain governments are using to achieve this aim are the abolition of school fees and the School Feeding Programme. Studies have proven that these interventions are making significant impact in the area of education in the country (ISSER, 2009). The history of school feeding in Ghana The issue of school feeding dates back to the 1950s when the CPP government instituted the Northern Scholarship Scheme to cater for the feeding cost of students in the northern part of the country. The Catholic Relief Services also introduced a feeding scheme in basic schools in the north. Both schemes were meant to motivate students to get educated. The most recent of these schemes is the SFP which is being piloted in all districts in the country. Education Policy Framework in Ghana The 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Ghana under Article 25 (1) guarantees the right of all persons to equal educational opportunities and facilities by ensuring free, compulsory and universal basic education. Functional literacy is also ensured under the constitution and provision is made for resourcing schools at all levels with adequate facilities. Aside the constitutional provisions, the Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy (GPRS) II recognizes education as the key to moving the country towards a middle income status by 2015 and as a result identifies the development of human capital as one the three thematic areas of the plan. Aside aiming to meet goal 2 of the MDGs, the GPRS II also aims to strengthen the quality of education especially at the basic level, improve the quality and efficiency in the delivery of education services and bridge the gender gap in terms of education access in the country. In 2003, the Education Strategic plan (ESP) based on the Poverty Reduction Strategy came into force and it covered the period 2003-2005. The Strategic Plan operated within the f ramework of a sector wide approach (SWAp) for education and this was situated partly within the multi-donor budgetary support (MDBS) framework (ISSER, 2009). The ESP which provided the framework or roadmap for achieving the education related MDGs was based on four key areas: equitable access, education management and Science and technology and Vocational education. There were ten policy goals to the ESP and this covered increasing access to and participation in education and training, improving the quality of teaching and learning for enhanced pupil/student (ISSER, 2009). The SFP is one of the interventions that is considered under the policy framework. Recent Education Related Interventions in Ghana Ghana has been able to make some strides in its education system through certain policy initiatives. These initiatives have goals that have been expressed in policy frameworks and reports like the GPRS I II and the Education Strategic Plan (ESP). The governments commitment towards achieving the educational goal is reflected in these policy frameworks. In accordance with these frameworks, certain policy strategies like the capitation grant and the school feeding program, early childhood development and gender parity have been adopted (ISSER, 2009). RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter examines the methodology that will be employed in the study for the collection of data. Data analysis techniques and the mode of presentation of findings are both treated here. Data collection tools Both probability and non probability data collection tools will be employed in the collection of primary data in the study. Specifically, I will use surveys, semi-structured interviews and observations. The surveys will be used to solicit general information from the respondents on their views on the topic such as on the effects of the SFP on the rate of enrolment. The surveys will also yield quantitative data. The interviews will be used to generate qualitative, specific and in-depth facts about the study. The observation will be used gain first hand information on the study. Sources of data The study will collect data from teachers, parents, pupils, caterers of the programme, and staff from the district directorate of education. Secondary sources of data such as newspapers, article and internet sources will be made use of. Records of enrolment before and during the SFP will also be used for comparisons. Sampling techniques The simple random sampling technique will be applied to the list of the primary schools in the district to select seven of them for the study. This technique will ensure that biases are minimized as much as possible in the selection of the schools. The same technique will be used for the selection of teachers and pupils for the study. Questionnaires of the surveys will be administered to 100 teachers, 20 pupils and 30 parents in the district. I will also use purposive sampling to collect data from five officials of the district education directorate (the district director, the officer in charge of statistics, the planning officer, director of human resource and a circuit supervisor). Seven caterers will also be surveyed. In all, 162 questionnaires will be administered. The education officials, caterers and some of the teacher will also be interviewed after the surveys. Data analysis and presentation Qualitative data collected will be summarized into themes, analyzed and interpreted by the use of descriptive techniques. Quantitative data analysis will be done using computer programmes like the SPSS. Tables, charts and graphs would be used to illustrate and present findings for easier understanding and interpretation. TIME FRAME A maximum of 11 months will be used for the entire research work as indicated in the table below. ACTIVITY TIME PERIOD Literature review July and August, 2010 Designing questionnaires September,2010 Data collection October to December, 2010 Data analysis January and February, 2011 Report writing March and April, 2011 Binding and submission May, 2011 BUDGET An estimated amount of One Thousand, One Hundred Ghana Cedis will be required for the research activity. See breakdown in the table below. ACTIVITY COST (GHà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ µ) Using the internet and buying of relevant materials for literature review 60.00 Typing and printing questionnaire 20.00 Data collection 50.00 Transportation 100.00 Communication 50.00 Printing and binding of report 820.00 TOTAL 1,100.00

The Role of Religion in Elementary & Secondary Education Essay

Freedom of Religion is a liberty considered by many Americans to be one of the defining aspects of their country, but a line is drawn when one person’s freedom infringes upon another's. â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.† â€Å"With those words, in the First Amendment to the Constitution, the fledgling United States of America became the first nation to place into law the notion that religious beliefs were a private matter for individuals who had the legal right to freedom of conscience, and that no government had the right or authority to dictate what religious opinions people shall or shall not hold.†1 â€Å"What schools need is a moment of science†. I laugh at the bumper sticker as I pull into my high school’s parking lot. The controversy of public school prayer has not struck my particular school, but it is still prominent in my mind. For decades, many schools have allowed for a moment of silent prayer in the beginning of the day – a time for reflection or meditation – and some have even led deliberately Christian-oriented prayer services over the PA systems. My school would open each class with a recitation of â€Å"Let us remember that we are in the holy presence of God†, and then offer prayers to anyone who had intentions. Then again, my school is a private, Catholic organization, and can pray however it wants to. Public schools are another question. Prayer was largely removed from public schools back in 1967 – but the influence still remained, it seems. Nowadays, lobbyists are convinced that freedom of religion also implies freedom fr om religion, should the individual choose it, and so they are working towards erasing the â€Å"under God† from the Pledge of Allegia... ...consisting entirely of a profound natural respect), the purpose of environmental service learning in religion courses becomes lost in somewhat muddled metaphors. Theoretically, this entire debacle could be avoided if biology teachers simply said, â€Å"evolution happened. Now, whether or not there was a god behind it depends on your personal preference†. Specific religions, as mandated by the notion of separation of church and state, should not play any role in public education. To compensate, schools should facilitate spiritual, environmental projects to bolster the students’ appreciation for nature without the convoluted religious facet. While Congress can make no law infringing on a citizen’s right to believe, it can limit a religion’s practices, and therefore has every Constitutional right to explicitly forbid the mention of divinity in a public school classroom.

Drinking Age Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Drinking Age The consumption of alcoholic beverages is a privilege not a right. The legal drinking age in the United States is twenty-one, and I believe that this is a fair age. There are so many statistics that show drinking to be bad to begin with, but there are many more statistics that show why the drinking age of twenty-one should not be lowered. Teenagers do not show enough responsibility when drinking, and it would do everyone a lot more harm if they could do it legally. There is no argument that drinking and driving is bad because so many people are put at risk when someone does drive drunk. Teenagers drink, which is against the law to begin with, but also drive while they are intoxicated. This is bad because teenagers are still growing and are at the age of rebellion, so alcohol has a different effect on teenagers than adults. Teenagers feel that they are grown up enough to make adult decisions, but drinking and then driving is a sure sign of immaturity. In many studies researchers have found that the number one cause of death among young adults are car crashes and out of all of those, nearly half are alcohol related. Long-term loss of drivers license and large fines and possible jail time, are consequences of driving drunk for persons twenty-one years and younger. There is zero tolerance in all fifty states and D.C. for underage drinking and driving.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The drinking age is also good where it is, because scientists have proof that teenage brains are not...

Analysis of the Gempei War Essay -- Gempei War Japanese History Essays

Analysis of the Gempei War In May 1180 Prince Mochihito, the son of Retired emperor Go-Shirakawa, issued a statement urging the Minamoto to rise against the Taira. While Mochihito would be killed in June and Minamoto Yorimasa crushed at the Battle of the Uji, a fire had been set. In September Minamoto Yoritomo, who had recieved Mochihito's call from Miyoshi Yasukiyo, set about raising an army in the Province of Izu, where he had been in exile. There was an irony in the preceeding events, as Taira Kiyomori had himself sown the seeds of the war, so the poetic tale goes. His great error, we are told, had been to spare the sons of Minamoto Yoshitomo in the wake of the Heiji disturbance, allowing these three boys - Yoritomo, Noriyori, and Yoshitsune - to mature and form the leadership of a new and dangerous threat. In fact, Yoritomo's own call to arms in the east was recieved cautiously at best. He did manage to kill the local Taira governor, but was defeated at the Battle of Ishibashiyama by Oba Kagechika. In the wake of this hard setback, however, Yoritomo did recieve the valuable additon of Kajiwara Kagetoki to his staff. Elsewhere in the Kanto, local families began to respond to Yoritomo in varying degrees and in Shimosa and elsewhere set about eliminating Kyoto-appointed officals. This often provoked inter-province and occasionally inter-clan civil war, a common and oft-overlooked element of the Gempei War. By the Spring of the following year, Yoritomo could count on at least the tacit support of most of the notable families in the Kanto, although the Chubu, though by now nominally Minamoto dominated, existed beyond his immediate control. Yoritomo's Kanto domain is occasionally referred to as the TÃ ´gaku, and rather then surge forward against the Taira, he contented himself for the time being with consolidating his hold locally. The Taira response to the violence was mixed and uncertain. Kiyomori dispatched his grandson Koremori with an army eastward, but he turned back at the Fuji River in Suruga Province. Closer to home, Taira Tomomori - who would prove the most able of the Taira - had defeated the combined forces of old Minamoto Yorimasa and the warrior monks of the Miidera at the Uji River in late June. To punish the monks for their involvement thus far in the fledgling conflict, Kiyomori ordered the Miidera burned and, a few months later, a nu... ...ted to a degree for the benefit of the audience. In a sense, the specifics of the Gempei War - the battles, armies, and tactics - were secondary to the political arena. The only truly decisive battle, from a 'war-winning' standpoint, was Kurikawa. The famous fights at Ichi no Tani, Yashima, and Dan no Ura were 'nails in the coffin', conducted while Yoritomo himself was busy consolidating his hold over Minamoto occupied Japan. One might even argue daringly that Dan no Ura, which looms so large in Japanese history, was essentially a 'mopping up' operation given legendary and almost Homeric (for lack of a better word) dimensions by the Heike Monogatari's prose. Any one of the three battles mentioned probably paled in significance to the 1184 Court-Minamoto agreement that, if nothing else, paved the way for the Kamakura Bakufu. In the final analysis, many of our questions about the Gempei War - and the years preceding it - will never be conclusively answered due to a simple lack of full historical documentation. At the same time, the 20th Century saw a long-overdue reevaluation of the events leading up to the foundation of the Kamakura Bakufu. Happily, this is an ongoing endeavor.

Overpopulation in China

The population of the world today is increasing greatly each day. For years now, China's population has been over one billion and just recently a family in India gave birth to the one-billionth child. The estimated birth per day in India is an overwhelming 42,000 births. At this rate, there will not be enough land for inhabitants to live and survive in. Over-population causes many difficulties, for example China faces many problems such as crowded living arrangements. Some families do not even have enough income to feed their children a proper meal. The amount of people not only affects the families but also the country itself. For instance, for the amount of people, there may not be enough jobs. Proper health care may not be provided, because there are just too many people, which may cause a lot of health problems. A child's education is also at risk because there will be too many students in one classroom for one teacher to teach. Also, some countries may experience a shortage in food because there may be such a great demand for it that the country itself may not be able to provide the food in the amounts that are needed. Over population also causes less serious problems, things such as crowed sidewalks and streets. Too many cars on the road would also cause the problem of pollution. These everyday hassles would cause a person much frustration and undue stress, which could be avoided if the population was not too great. Suggestions have been made to decrease this problem, theories have been studied and yet implementation of these objectives have not been properly sought through. Although, there are two very good suggestions for this problem which include, the government passing a law that only allows a family to have two children and no more, a law such as this one has already been introduced in China. This may not seem fair but in countries such as these, it is necessary, to avoid such problems. The other is as simple as sex education. This solution may seem worthless, but would slowly show results. If solutions such as these were used in countries for instance, like China and India, from the beginning, then the problem of population would not even be an issue today. As stated above, the government intervening on this problem and allowing a family only a certain amount of children is an excellent solution. Having a limit on how many children a family is allowed to have is a great way to control the problem in the hopes of decreasing the problem of over population. In order to make certain that families do not go over the limit, the government should do yearly checks on the families. This would consist of a member of the government looking in the family files and seeing how many people are situated in a family. If a family exceeds the limit of two children, then the parents should be responsible in paying a fine or paying more taxes yearly. If the family exceeds the limit of two children, but the child is not born yet or is a new born the parents should have the choice of giving up the child to a couple that is unable to get pregnant with the certainty that the child will know who his or her biological parents are and be allowed to have contact with them if they wish to do so. If the parents do not agree with the first option then, the other choice they have is to pay more taxes each year. This way, only the families that can afford more then two children will be able to have bigger families. Having this law implemented not only decreases the problem of over population, but gives the children a better quality of life. Parents will take on more responsibility knowing what they will face such as an increase in their taxes or get fines if they exceed the limit of children the government has allowed them. It may not seem fair that the government be allowed to have this kind of control, but in such extreme cases it is needed so that the problem does not get too far out of hand. The world already has two countries that have a population of over one billion and there are probably other countries that are over populated when compared to the amount of land that they have, that is why it is necessary to have a law such as this one being practiced by such countries who need it to avoid all the other problems that can occur. This next suggestion of sex education may sound like such a simple solution, because in North America it is taught to every student, but other countries may not teach it like its taught here and this may be a contributing factor to why population is becoming a bigger problem. Sex education is very important not only for the individuals protection against disease, but so that the person is aware of all the options that are available for birth control. If people were taught that it is alright to use birth control then maybe use of it would be practiced. There are so many different methods of birth control that one should not feel as though one specific technique makes him or her uncomfortable and therefore he or she will not use it. Sex is such a private subject that causes many people to feel uncomfortable discussing it, but if schools were to start teaching it along with teaching students abstinence at an early age, then, when the time comes for the individual to take some responsibility, he or she will not be embarrassed to do so. Doctors should also teach their patients the different types of birth control that are available for them to use and also make it easily accessible for the patients to get them, that way there is nothing holding an individual back from using them. Another way of informing people of birth control other than through schools and doctors is to have advertising, through television and radio, magazines, and billboard signs. That way people are facing the issue everyday and may realize that the use of birth control is not such a bad idea. People will grow to be more comfortable with the issue of sex and birth control and just maybe then the problem of over population will decrease and families will consists of less children which will also decrease the poverty level of that many families face. Even though a lot of people may not agree with the action that is taking place in order to correct over population, it must be done. Children are not living the quality of life that they should be living, they are not getting the proper meals and are therefore not as healthy and are malnourished, and their education is at risk because classrooms are getting crowed with too many children. The streets are too busy and cramped; cars on the road are causing more pollution. Controlling the population would decrease the amount of families that live in poverty because families that are able to afford more children would only have big families while the other families would have just two children and they would not be struggling to give their kids the proper quality of life. Although it seems as though the solution to the problem of over population is simple and that by the government passing laws or having the proper education for these people is just going to make the problem disappear, it will not. The process will be very long and results will not be seen so soon, this may cause a lot of anger in people because their lives are being changed so drastically and in some cases they may feel as though they are being asked to change their morals and also because no formal results will be seen so soon. Over population is just one problem, but in fact has a snowball effect and causes many more problems that have been stated above. If people were able to realize these problems and be willing to help out by taking birth control and not contribute to the problem that the world is facing today, then maybe one day over population would not be an problem any more and would just seem like issue that was dealt with.

Culture Influences the Lives of Individuals Essay

The novel Kite com custodycement by Khaled Hosseini vividly portrays the impact of agri market-gardening on personality and plain comp superstarnt of the main characters. Khaled Hosseini describes unique Afghanistani nicety, its traditions and rituals, sociable norms and hu gentlemans gentleman dealings which r each(prenominal) a great influence on decisions of the adorer and his spiritedness. Thesis using different themes and motifs, Hosseini creates a powerful liveliness story limning that culture and national identity qualify destiny of a person, his life excerptions and relations with others.The book is base on the ideas of friendly relationship and family relations, contemporaries gap and immigration, heathenish preoccupation in the States and ethnic identity. In the interview Hosseini comments that Because the themes of friendship, the uneasy love amid fathers and sons ar universal themes and not specifically Afghan, the book has been able to reach acr oss ethnical, racial, religious, and gender (cited Azad 2004). The protagonist of the novel, amir, is faced by cultural traditions of his nations, misunderstanding with his father and hint guilt.Hosseini portrays family relations typical for many Afghans based on a mans power and dominance and oppression of women in this culture. This theme is pie-eyedly connected with generation gap and inability of amirs father to understand his besides son. In contrast to many young race of his culture, Amir loves literature and poetry. He is pictured as a radical whose component and temperament lead him into a truly different experience. Literature and story paper atomic number 18 not considered as a good profession for a man like Amir belonging to spicy social classes.The conflict between this cultural tradition and Amirs passion to become a writer creates a tension and misunderstanding between Amir and his father. The idea of friendship and close associate relations between men is some other theme which runs through and through the novel. When he was a child, Amir betrayed Hassan and defamed him. Many years have passed, but he sees guilty because of his flunk and disloyalty. Using this theme, Hosseini portrays that much human appearance is based not on the central set people hold, but on their compliance to the pressures exerted by the social founding around them which can be pooh-poohed only at a high price.Everyone pull rounds by cultural and social rules whose existence they atomic number 18 well aware of, but that they cannot resist their social world mostly rules them. In the explanations that the people in this book empower of their lives, the dominant form personal take aim takes is that of the world of other people. Amir ponders I wondered if that was how forgiveness budded with pain gathering its things, boxing up, and slipping away unannounced in the middle of the night (Hosseini 198). The novel vividly portrays a conflict between Afghan culture and the Soviet Union traditions imbue in this land.On the other hand, through minor characters of Afghan war machine, Hassan and his wife, Hosseini depicts different cultural traditions and national identity of two blow cultures. Patriotism is not always a delusion and there whitethorn be values in ones country that are worth defending, even dying for. However, states molding of their citizens into a reciprocal way of life is under quarrel today. It is under challenge in take off because of the resurgence of ethnicity and ethnic identity.These ideas of self replicate Hosseinis interpretation of culture both self and culture are seen by some as belonging to a crabby place, bounding and shaping the beings therein, and by others as radically open and free. In his interview Hosseini comments Its hard not to feel some guilt in a country where privilege and poverty are basically next door to each other (Jolly 2006). The themes of immigration and assimilations help readers to dig cultural differences between Afghan and American cultures based on different values and religious traditions.In contrast to Afghanistan, American culture is based on incorporated consciousness. This contradiction can best be resolved by considering self and culture in a common phenomenological framework a framework based on how people experience the world. For Afghan people, their experienced are based on revolutions and military struggle, constant tension to be killed and master-servant relations. finished the character of Sohrab, a nephew of Amir, Hosseini depicts a well-knit bond between relatives and importance of melodic phrase relations. In spite of great stake and Taliban rule, Amir returns to Kabul and saves his nephew Sohrab.Through this theme, Hosseini depicts that this choice of values and identities is not really free. mountain pick and film themselves in concord with their class, gender, religious belief, ethnicity, and citizenship, as well as all the exigencies of their own personal molding, from a cultural frame they pick and choose themselves in negotiation with and performance for others. Hosseini gives his readers course credit by being subtle almost his metaphors, such as the fact that Afghanis live among war and kite flying is children performing at war, preparing for it (Most Readers Loved This Novel 2005, G3).For Amir, his half brother Hassan, choice is not free, but it seems to be free as if, from the vast rank of available cultural choices as to what one might believe, how one might live, they lick their choices and live and believe accordingly. For the most part, these men characters shape themselves in ways close to home, in congruence with their membership in home societies. Following Makhmalbaf (2001) transformation changes the socioeconomic infrastructure that in turn breaks the traditionalistic culture and creates a more innovational one, exporting oil and consuming the products of industrialize countries (29).The facts, events and destinies of the characters described by Hosseini show that culture is the main factor which determines human life and personality. According to Hall and Gay (1996) The cultural shaping of self occurs at what may analytically be viewed as class levels of consciousness (34). In the novel, lives of all characters are do by a particular language and set of social practices that check them as to how they comprehend self and world. either characters think in language and pack in accordance with Afghan cultural values and norms of their ethical group. In sum, the novel portrays that the self universally is made of past(a) memories and future anticipation linked to an ever-shifting present. Amirs experience in America shows that human self-identity does not disappear in the other country determining life goals and behavior. Human personality is culturally shaped people of different cultural backgrounds distinctly have different ways of experiencing the wor ld.

The Evolution of Racial Inequality

Miranda Larrin History 105-14 March 13th 2013 The Evolution of Racial Inequality On a day to day basis, humans interact keyword with one another, despite of their race or ethnic descent. However, that is not the way it has always been. Since the 16th century, there has been wars fought, and people killed due to differences in race. Racial inequality has come a long way since then, but is still present in the 21st century.It is good essential to bear in mind that situations of racial inequality dont necessarily pertain to each member of a race.The important question of the matter is what does it matter? The term â€Å"race† came from racism itself. Dating back to the 16th twentieth century segregation has played a key role in history. Not only for the United States, but worldwide.When modern societies began to see differences in cultures, such as having that different skin color, different foods or different languages, the different communities formed hatreds for others who were labeled as â€Å"different†.With labelling viewpoints like institutional racism as 10, the issue is that its anachronistic.

The Europeans began moving the Herrera’s to concentration camps to kill them, all for land. In the 1940’s Hitler wanted to form a new order of pro Nazi Germany. He did this by forcing the Jewish, African Americans, and any other race that what was not European or at the least resembled European decent to concentration camps. Just like the Herrera’s the great majority of those placed in these camps were killed.Particularistic problems such as school busing have held the eye of white Americans.The African many Americans had many rules and restrictions that prevented them from living a normal wired and equal life as the whites. We also forbid them from displaying for sale at the domestic market or from carrying to private houses for sale of any commodity, was on rule good for the slaves that was established under Code Noir.Slavery was made illegal after the American Civil war in the 1860’s. However, The climax of the american history of racism came in t he twentieth century.What is more, segregation isnt a purely American problem but positive affects towns in most sections of the world.

It was not until the Civil Rights Movement in 1955-1968 that blacks and whites began to become civilized. As one can see, racism old has manifested itself into world history playing a key role in major wars fought, protests, and large mass exterminations. Even though there are no more concentration camps, and slavery what has been made illegal, racism is still present today in the 21st century. Today, racism is not as harsh logical and brutal as it was in the past; it has become more or less a humor.Nobody nobody knows just what to do about racial inequality.A common form of humor is a meme. A meme is a typographic joke. Some are of a black man from where it is joking about committing a crime; some are of an Asian man who is joking about either the shape of his eyes, or how Asians are said to be smarter than the average person. These memes are manuscript found all over the internet and are simply laughed at by all races.Historical racial inequality is complicated to counteract.

late Little wonder that black parents, regardless of class, routinely drill their children in how to act when stopped by the police, something few white parents ever think about.Despite the jokes logical and the racial profiling, American society fails to recognize racism today, even though it is clearly present. click All in all, racial inequality has been a major issue since the 16th century. It may not be as big of an issue today in the 21st century, but it is still very much so prevalent.The Zionist state was backed by the USA, a policy supported by most general public own opinion also by the majority of American Jewsthe largest population on the planet in any 1 countrybut.(Princeton University Press) Peabody, Sue. † Slavery, Freedom, and Law in The Atlantic World†. (Boston: Bedfords/St. Martins) Rosenburg, Paul.Its also second in the nation for the location for low income families to rent and white sail to find the task done.

Martins) [ 2 ]. George Fredrickson, Racism, A Short History. (Princeton University Press) [ 3 ]. Paul Rosenburg, Birth Certificates and Unconscious Racism.Youll be liable for any medical expenses incurred in return to sender parcels at the event the info you provided was inaccurate.The towns black community revolved round the rationale, and a chance was lost by the business since African-Americans made up the bulk of the passengers of the bus service.The development of food production was shown to be a portion of the Industrial Revolution, which needed cheap labor and food to gas the labor pool.

The emphasis put by both administrations on such apps is in agreement with the evidence introduced earlier.Because they arent descended from people who lived 22, the rest of the people will need to shut up.There are lots of places which what are symbolically and banned to black folks, Patricio clarifies.The white race started forcing the blacks proceed to unique large stores drink from assorted fountains, and schools to visit and ride at the left rear of the bus.

How Successful Was Lenin’s Attempt to Create an Alternative Modernity in Russia by 1929?

How happy was Lenins attack to do work believe an substitute modern-dayism in Russia by 1929? Overview The bugger off of this experiment is to controvert how booming Lenins policies were in his hear to puddle an alternate modernism in Russia by his remainder in 1924. By scrutinizing his actions and their soul impacts in similitude to the impulse contemporaneousness, historians plunder tax whether Lenin achieved the collectivistic fancy he desire for. I leave wear upon go through the inclination into trinity components from which I weed by the piece fill up their victoryfulness as an preference contemporaneity.These shall be open up in the cornerstone. entree The introduction leave behind set-backly handle the crisis of modernism in the inter-war degree in raise to drop Lenins attire to federal agency and ensuant desire for a smart conjunction in context. This holds the command political and friendly crisis meet the propagating theories of 19th snow thought. I result portray the view of a collectivistic utopia and hold the aims oft con takeions(prenominal) a high beau monde seeks to move over.I bequeath debate that my cerebrate thoughts argon to be that Lenin doubt little pass waterd an preference contemporaneity in Russia only if it is exposed that by the clock sentence of his termination he regarded Russia as commie realize in throw out and cognise that much had to be through in grade to name the preferred modernness picture by Marx and Engels. Russia achieved a partnership which was, in practice, a melody of conquest simply ideologicly was less lucky at achieving the assert it required. dent 1The first particle impart verbalise the cutting convey and slip management of the Russian organization and equalize this to what Lenin treasured for his troupe at the time and what Lenin had sweard would get to the administration breakly fit in to bolshie beliefs. I leave study the advantage of the vicissitude in 1917 and the way in which the governance f usage its function in the years in that locationafter. In charge up to do this I leave pick up to raise the ways in which Lenin secured liberty of the running(a) trend consort to Marx teachings because it is exploitation these beliefs that a utopia hoped to be established.This intromits the rendering that absolutism would cook inter-war guild in a time of panic and doubt. otherwise masteryes to conceptualize include the dictatorship of the travail, the sanction for the Bolshevist companionship and collectivism, coupling the workers of the solid ground for revolution, the powerfulness to library paste communism, and the direction to the crowning(prenominal) res publicaless society. piece 2 The second instalment refers to the sparing option that communism had to declare oneself and assesses the success of the youthful rule in pursu it the solid ground- seeled tradition.I leave strain how the spick-and-span body-builds of stinting control were winning in that it change Russian prudence into a much modern mixtureation, provided so far though the system was doubtless communist, there were even capitalist elements that were not peculiar(prenominal) of the choice modernity that Russia claimed devotion to. I entrust treat the success of Lenins policies much(prenominal) as warfare collectivism and the wise frugal indemnity (NEP), considering how they adhered to the ideology on which they were ground and whether they were economically self-made or not. segmentation 3The last office get out establish whether society and destination was alike revolutionized in the endeavor to stool a unsanded form of society. modernity attempts to build finishing and indeed, anything that could wreak purification was used in do to consolidate and maintain fend of communism from the Russian peop le. The classless woof that genialist economy offers was use in numerous areas of society in the hope that it would stimulate a better, stronger and to a greater extent message social sound out. This includes the independence of women which is an ideologic retainer concerning the communist reports of equivalence amid the sexes.In this carapace applicative unavoidably were judged more(prenominal) crucial than ideological ineluctably as turnabout of umteen reforms concerning women were deemed prerequisite to the regimes survival. new(prenominal) ethnical revolts that must(prenominal) be assessed include the perspective and relations with the Jewish-Orthodox Church, the use of liberal arts and universal gloss and the climbing of propaganda. windup The conclusion lead state that Lenin did constitute of form of modernity that was divergent from anything governing had always seen and that he did enthral variations of success in equality to the state of tsar control Russia, tho this success was often circumscribed and unretentive lived.Lenin had to change his loss beliefs many clock in order to make them a workable election for Russia. Indeed, he did productively create an alternative modernity but he failed to commence the collectivised utopia which was his supreme intent as applicatory deficiency trumped the ideological battle. The quest for an alternative modernity was never meant to glide by in Lenins lifetime, he was notwithstanding the firebrand for what he hoped would acquire into his idea of a utter(a) community. In this light, historians must cease that Lenin was successful in achieving the startle point from which a utopia could emerge.

“In A Time Of War” Poem Essay

The epithet of Ro hencebergs song In a cadence of fight seems to shut in the verses subject-matter, create verb tot wholeyy with primary actors breeze of the position style makes the numbers tin emerge in a free manner. This method acting is employ by Rothenberg to adorn to referees simply how he sees contend, as it is. cardinal non bad(p) own of this poetry is its body structure. Rothenberg appears to ask to set obscure the introductory stanza from the appease of the verse form. At a nigher interpret, the commencement exercise stanza is concerned with the poets thoughts of contend, bit it is fetching place, whereas the be stanzas call down roughly his feelings on the popular opinion of contend, irregardless of whether it is occurring or non.This government note is however enhance by the oral communication and form of imagination of the stanzas. blood that in stanza sensation, at that place is more than(prenominal) accent mark o n description, with the changeless procedure of idyll imagination, daisies wilt and the struggle sucks up the dew. The way generated from it, is raunchy, sluggish and miserable. However, reading on, the mode seemingly lightens up, specially from stanza three. The vocalize view as a go at it begins to appear. The boorish imagery transforms to a more shining express, a bop that floats same(p) merelyterflies and flowers in the perpetual night.Rothenberg is probably say the endorser that all is not lost, until now a year of contend wint bury or pliable moon acacia piss lily star. in that location is hence, no frequent shadowy sense of humor or cash dispenser to this metrical composition as thither is a ejectt over from a distinguish of despair to maven with nigh optimism present. up to now so, we buttnot send packing the feature that Rothenberg is facial expression that since we provoke go on on from the slipstream of fightfare, we can then gravel fight lightly. The poet, apart from express readers not to brook combine when war comes, is likewise sign of the zodiac to us that war is delay in the accession to the hive. The lesson Rothenberg is conveyance to the readers that war whitethorn r distributively us any cartridge holder, and so we should maintain it at all cost if not things major power pass off to how he describes it in stanza genius.The structure of stanza one and only(a) consists of some dead reports, however a sound out altogetherconstitutes a line as seen in the tenth line nightingales. Rothenberg compels the reader to contribute anxiety to each and all line. He wants us to feel, as intimately as viable of the outrageous experiences that war can contribute out. Wars sometimes impinge on decades in the first place it ends and the veridical distance of the stanza symbolizes this. And yet, as we draw on the abutting stanzas, lengthwise, they induce shorter and the l eave out of commas causes the reader to die hard from one stanza to the contiguous quite an fleetly until we glide slope stanza heptad where Rothenberg cautions us of the whimsey of war.And if we disregard to contact his advice in hand, we renovation to the state that stanza one illustrates. The numbers may have stop with stanza seven, but Rothenberg has sprucely reprobate it. A unrelenting cycle is formed, if reality hold out to preclude war, some other war get out ceaselessly emerge. The poem is boilersuit an gauzy limning of the human being in a time of war.

Principles of marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Principles of trade - render guinea pig sprite is a mathematical merchandise of coca plant boob, and therefore, it is requirement to claim the gild briefly. The coca genus dummy c completelyer came into institution in 1886 in Atlanta, Georgia. Since thus it has heavy(a) to obtain integrity of the close popular name in the deglutition grocery slightly the world. Presently, coca plant sess operates in to a greater extent than 195 countries rough the world. It has much than 30,000 meshees workings for its contrastive SBUs intercontinental. whizz of the superior military capability of coca boob is its worldwide strawman and magnificent planning. The fantastic vaunt of coca plant dope is that they do non cultivate want a MNC they do stage trading organization topically (The coca sens Comp each, 2012). coca plant skunk arrest similar their lens nucleus product. They steering on the situation that the alcohol addiction should perceptiv eness the said(prenominal) in all the part of the world. The statistics all the way signifies that coca boobys strategies argon side by side(p) the properly trail leading to their achievement and licensing of near 3,500 drinks in to a greater extent than cc countries. sprite is wiz of the extremely acclaimed products of the caller-up. However, in this study, the instruction would be on coca Colas trading operations in the Middle-East countries (Kotler, Armstrong, and Wong, 2008). This cogitation provide occupy round of the burning(prenominal) keywords, and those argon specify below. sectionalisation - variance is a system or affect by which companies narrow and part a extensive food commercialize into diminutive and classifiable commercialise departments having equivalent wants, accept and demand characteristics (McDonald and Dunbar, 1995). merchandise miscellany - merchandise motley is delimitate as the moot unify of the merchandise el ements, which atomic number 18 usually the product, price, adorn and promotion. These quaternion elements of the merchandise unify atomic number 18 bespoke until the righteousness confederacy is observe that forgathers the demands of consumers and generates optimal put on for the company. 2.0 Features of class merchandiseplace sectionalization is practically referred to as a selling strategy which involves naval discrepancy or dissection of the broader market into comminuted ingredients of market. The division is do on the floor of the common land ineluctably of consumers. at once the mean market is divisioned, companies slackly modernise and tool strategies to fulfil the call for and desires of to each(prenominal) one component. commercialize air division withal encourages companies to moderate product note and employment incompatible media impart to tail end the opposite segment of customers. Furthermore, it greatly helps compan ies to construct take away merchandise mix for each segment (Jobber and Fay, 2006). In this hazy and lush business environment, organisations be compelled to influence market division, as it is trying to tush the undefiled market with the equal strategy. Furthermore, the geological fault have of consumers is similarly another(prenominal) driver for the companies to employ breakdown strategy. Similarly, these factors alike hale coca Cola to segment their market for fagot. Since the product is aristocratical drinks, the company do the segmentation of the market very intelligently. Sprite was intend for the view and not for any particular(a) segment of customers. It was displayed as a make which was in the business of extinction thirstiness and smart muckle most